The Chain of Survival

The Chain of Survival refers to a series of actions for treating victims of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Each link is critical to saving a victim of cardiac arrest. When implemented early in a cardiac event, the four-step process can improve chances of survival dramatically. Developed by The American Heart Association in 1990, the Chain of Survival has become the standard of care for cardiac victims. First responders should follow the four-step sequence in rapid succession:

Early Access - Recognize the emergency and contact 911.
It’s important to recognize the warning signs of sudden cardiac arrest.

Unresponsiveness
Loss of consciousness
Lack of pulse
No breathing

An immediate call to 911 means a more rapid response by an advanced life support response team.

Early CPR – (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) Providing CPR compressions and breathes keeps oxygenated blood flowing through vital organs. Early CPR increases the chances of survival. If the responder has not been CPR certified, they may be able to receive assistance from the emergency dispatcher. Dispatchers in many parts of the country are trained to coach the caller through the basic steps of CPR. Remember, CPR should be started immediately!

Early Defibrillation – Defibrillation is the only way to restart a heart in sudden cardiac arrest. An AED should be available on location to be used to deliver a shock. Electricity flows from adhesive electrodes through the chest. For every minute that passes between collapse and defibrillation, survival rates from decrease from 7 to 10 percent. Responders should use the AED as soon as possible to increase chances of survival.

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Early Advanced Care – Treatment is given to the patient by paramedics and other highly trained medical personnel. Advanced care is provided to help maintain a normal heart rhythm after successful defibrillation.

AED Defibrillators